On Part b) of Kourovka Notebook Problem 19.93: Finite p-Groups with Unbounded Lower p-Central Factors and No C_p ≀ C_p Quotient for p = 2, 3, 5
Manuscript 21 October 2026 · Online 21 October 2026
Abstract
Problem 19.93 of the Kourovka Notebook, posed by P. Spiga in 2018, conjectures that there is a function \(f\colon\mathbb{N}\times\mathbb{N}\to\mathbb{N}\) such that every factor of the lower \(p\)-central series of a finite \(p\)-group with \(d\) generators and without an epimorphic image isomorphic to \(C_p\wr C_p\) has order at most \(f(p,d)\); part a) concerns \(p\ge7\), part b) \(p=2,3,5\). M. Kinyon and J. Urban refuted part a), in a preprint that declares AI assistance, with a filtered Golod–Shafarevich inequality and a counting bound for truncated group algebras; the method of this note is theirs. We show that part b) is false: for each of \(p=2,3,5\) no bound \(f(p,d)\) exists (for \(p=5\) with any \(d\ge3\), for \(p=3\) with any \(d\ge5\), for \(p=2\) with any \(d\ge7\)). What is new is the choice of relators: \(x_i^p\) and \((x_ix_j)^p\) on three generators for \(p=5\) and on five for \(p=3\), where the argument of Kinyon and Urban in \(C_p\wr C_p\), applied to each pair of generators, excludes this quotient; and twelve products of squares and commutators on seven generators for \(p=2\), where the exclusion of \(C_2\wr C_2\) becomes a finite statement about twelve bilinear forms over \(\mathbb{F}_2\), checked exactly in two ways. We also observe why the Golod–Shafarevich argument with the relations used for \(p\ge7\) fails for \(p=2,3,5\). Every step is proved in the note, including the Golod–Shafarevich inequality in the form used. With part a), the conjecture fails for every prime. The cases \((p,d)=(5,2)\), \((3,2)\), \((3,3)\), \((3,4)\) and \((2,2),\dots,(2,6)\) are not decided. No printed answer to part b) was found in the sources searched. This is an unrefereed note.
Record
- Affiliation
- Mercury Software GmbH
- Contact
- [email protected] · GitHub
- Result
- No for p = 2, 3, 5: part b) of Spiga's conjecture is false
- Categories
- math.GR
- Manuscript
- 21 October 2026
- Online release
- 21 October 2026
- Version
- 1.0
- License
- Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Files and verification
The PDF is the canonical reading copy. The source archive contains the LaTeX manuscript, bibliography, reproducibility material, and audit documents without build artefacts.
Citation
Alper Ferudun, “On Part b) of Kourovka Notebook Problem 19.93: Finite p-Groups with Unbounded Lower p-Central Factors and No C_p ≀ C_p Quotient for p = 2, 3, 5,” EulerSolve Research Papers, KOU-19.93, 2026. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23544457.
BibTeX
@misc{Ferudun2026Kou1993,
author = {Ferudun, Alper},
title = {On Part b) of Kourovka Notebook Problem 19.93: Finite p-Groups with Unbounded Lower p-Central Factors and No C_p ≀ C_p Quotient for p = 2, 3, 5},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {EulerSolve Research Papers},
url = {https://eulersolve.org/papers/kou-19-93/},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23544457},
note = {KOU-19.93; unrefereed preprint}
}