Quadratic Hénon Maps over Q with Rational Cycles of Length Three and Four for Every Jacobian
Manuscript 18 October 2026 · Online 18 October 2026
Abstract
In a list of open problems on Hénon maps (Arnold Math. J. 10 (2024)), P. Ingram conjectured that for all but finitely many \(\delta\in\mathbb{Q}\) every \(\mathbb{Q}\)-rational periodic point of every map \(f(x,y)=(y,\,y^2+c-\delta x)\) with \(c\in\mathbb{Q}\) has period dividing \(2\). We show that the statement, as printed, is false for every \(\delta\in\mathbb{Q}\), in each reading the text supports (finitely many exceptional \(\delta\); for fixed \(\delta\), finitely many exceptional \(c\); finitely many exceptional pairs). For \(\delta\ne1\) and \(c=-(29\delta^2-38\delta+29)/16\) the point \(\bigl(\frac{5-7\delta}{4},-\frac{1+\delta}{4}\bigr)\) has period \(3\); for \(\delta=1\) and \(c=-1-s^2\), \(s\in\mathbb{Q}\), there is a rational \(3\)-cycle; for every \(\delta\ne0\) an explicit \(c\) gives a rational \(4\)-cycle. Such cycles are essentially implicit in the source: the interpolation construction that opens the same section yields rational \(4\)-cycles for every \(\delta\notin\{0,1\}\), and our \(4\)-cycles are its normal form; so the printed conjecture contradicts its own section and is probably not the intended statement. We also describe all rational \(3\)-cycles: shifted by \(\frac12\), their \(x\)-coordinates are the rational points, off the line \(u=v=w\), of the cone over the nodal cubic \(u^3+v^3+w^3-u^2v-v^2w-w^2u=0\). Hence every \(\delta\ne1\) has infinitely many \(c\) with a rational \(3\)-cycle, and for \(\delta=1\) one exists if and only if \(-(1+c)\) is a rational square. Computations, which are not theorems, find for \(\delta=-1\) exactly Ingram's periods \(1,2,3,4,6,8\), and a rational \(5\)-cycle for \(\delta=-4\) and, by a duality \(\delta\leftrightarrow1/\delta\), for \(\delta=-\frac14\). The case \(\delta=0\) is the classical map \(z^2+c\) (Morton; Morton and Raianu), the case \(\delta=-1\) is Ingram's, and the novelty of the note is modest. This is an unrefereed note.
Record
- Affiliation
- Mercury Software GmbH
- Contact
- [email protected] · GitHub
- Result
- Conjecture false for every rational Jacobian
- Categories
- math.DS · math.NT
- Manuscript
- 18 October 2026
- Online release
- 18 October 2026
- Version
- 1.0
- License
- Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Files and verification
The PDF is the canonical reading copy. The source archive contains the LaTeX manuscript, bibliography, reproducibility material, and audit documents without build artefacts.
Citation
Alper Ferudun, “Quadratic Hénon Maps over Q with Rational Cycles of Length Three and Four for Every Jacobian,” EulerSolve Research Papers, AMR-152-0049, 2026. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23445974.
BibTeX
@misc{Ferudun2026Amr1520049,
author = {Ferudun, Alper},
title = {Quadratic Hénon Maps over Q with Rational Cycles of Length Three and Four for Every Jacobian},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {EulerSolve Research Papers},
url = {https://eulersolve.org/papers/amr-152-0049/},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23445974},
note = {AMR-152-0049; unrefereed preprint}
}