IMO 1982

6 problems with complete solutions · Official problem paper (PDF)

  1. Problem 1

    The function \(f(n)\) is defined for all positive integers \(n\) and takes on non-negative integer values. Also, for all \(m,n\) \[ f(m+n)-f(m)-f(n)=0\text{ or }1 \] \[ f(2)=0,\ f(3)>0,\text{ and }f(9999)=3333. \] Determine \(f(1982)\).

    Solution →

  2. Problem 2

    A non-isosceles triangle \(A_1A_2A_3\) is given with sides \(a_1,a_2,a_3\) (\(a_i\) is the side opposite \(A_i\)). For all \(i=1,2,3\), \(M_i\) is the midpoint of side \(a_i\), and \(T_i\). is the point where the incircle touches side \(a_i\). Denote by \(S_i\) the reflection of \(T_i\) in the interior bisector of angle \(A_i\). Prove that the lines \(M_1,S_1\), \(M_2S_2\), and \(M_3S_3\) are concurrent.

    Solution →

  3. Problem 3

    Consider the infinite sequences \(\{x_n\}\) of positive real numbers with the following properties:

    \[ x_0=1,\text{ and for all }i\ge0,\ x_{i+1}\le x_i. \]

    (a) Prove that for every such sequence, there is a \(n\ge1\) such that

    \[ \frac{x_0^2}{x_1}+\frac{x_1^2}{x_2}+\cdots+\frac{x_{n-1}^2}{x_n}\ge3.999. \]

    (b) Find such a sequence for which

    \[ \frac{x_0^2}{x_1}+\frac{x_1^2}{x_2}+\cdots+\frac{x_{n-1}^2}{x_n}<4. \]

    Solution →

  4. Problem 4

    Prove that if \(n\) is a positive integer such that the equation \[ x^3-3xy^2+y^3=n \] has a solution in integers \((x,y)\), then it has at least three such solutions. Show that the equation has no solutions in integers when \(n=2891\).

    Solution →

  5. Problem 5

    The diagonals \(AC\) and \(CE\) of the regular hexagon \(ABCDEF\) are divided by the inner points \(M\) and \(N\), respectively, so that \[ \frac{AM}{AC}=\frac{CN}{CE}=r. \] Determine \(r\) if \(B,M,\) and \(N\) are collinear.

    Solution →

  6. Problem 6

    Let \(S\) be a square with sides of length 100, and let \(L\) be a path within \(S\) which does not meet itself and which is composed of line segments \(A_0A_1, A_1A_2, \cdots, A_{n-1}A_n\) with \(A_0 \ne A_n\). Suppose that for every point \(P\) of the boundary of \(S\) there is a point of \(L\) at a distance from \(P\) not greater than \(1/2\). Prove that there are two points \(X\) and \(Y\) in \(L\) such that the distance between \(X\) and \(Y\) is not greater than 1, and the length of that part of \(L\) which lies between \(X\) and \(Y\) is not smaller than 198.

    Solution →

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