IMO 1970

6 problems with complete solutions · Official problem paper (PDF)

  1. Problem 1

    Let \(M\) be a point on the side \(AB\) of \(\triangle ABC\). Let \(r_1,r_2\) and \(r\) be the radii of the inscribed circles of triangles \(AMC,BMC\) and \(ABC\). Let \(q_1,q_2\) and \(q\) be the radii of the escribed circles of the same triangles that lie in the angle \(ACB\). Prove that \[ \frac{r_1}{q_1}\cdot\frac{r_2}{q_2}=\frac{r}{q}. \]

    Solution →

  2. Problem 2

    Let \(a,b\) and \(n\) be integers greater than 1, and let \(a\) and \(b\) be the bases of two number systems. \(A_{n-1}\) and \(A_n\) are numbers in the system with base \(a\), and \(B_{n-1}\) and \(B_n\) are numbers in the system with base \(b\); these are related as follows:

    \[ \begin{aligned} A_n&=x_nx_{n-1}\cdots x_0,\quad A_{n-1}=x_{n-1}x_{n-2}\cdots x_0,\\ B_n&=x_nx_{n-1}\cdots x_0,\quad B_{n-1}=x_{n-1}x_{n-2}\cdots x_0,\\ x_n&\ne 0,\quad x_{n-1}\ne 0. \end{aligned} \]

    Prove: \[ \frac{A_{n-1}}{A_n}<\frac{B_{n-1}}{B_n} \quad\text{if and only if }a>b. \]

    Solution →

  3. Problem 3

    The real numbers \(a_0,a_1,\ldots,a_n,\ldots\) satisfy the condition: \[ 1=a_0\le a_1\le a_2\le\cdots\le a_n\le\cdots. \] The numbers \(b_1,b_2,\ldots,b_n,\ldots\) are defined by \[ b_n=\sum_{k=1}^{n}\left(1-\frac{a_{k-1}}{a_k}\right)\frac{1}{\sqrt{a_k}}. \] (a) Prove that \(0\le b_n<2\) for all \(n\).

    (b) Given \(c\) with \(0\le c<2\), prove that there exist numbers \(a_0,a_1,\ldots\) with the above properties such that \(b_n>c\) for large enough \(n\).

    Solution →

  4. Problem 4

    Find the set of all positive integers \(n\) with the property that the set \(\{n, n+1, n+2, n+3, n+4, n+5\}\) can be partitioned into two sets such that the product of the numbers in one set equals the product of the numbers in the other set.

    Solution →

  5. Problem 5

    In the tetrahedron \(ABCD\), angle \(BDC\) is a right angle. Suppose that the foot \(H\) of the perpendicular from \(D\) to the plane \(ABC\) is the intersection of the altitudes of \(\triangle ABC\). Prove that \[ (AB+BC+CA)^2\leq 6(AD^2+BD^2+CD^2). \] For what tetrahedra does equality hold?

    Solution →

  6. Problem 6

    In a plane there are 100 points, no three of which are collinear. Consider all possible triangles having these points as vertices. Prove that no more than 70% of these triangles are acute-angled.

    Solution →

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