IMO 2010

6 problems with complete solutions · Official problem paper (PDF)

  1. Problem 1

    Determine all functions \(f:\mathbb R\to\mathbb R\) such that the equality \[ f(\lfloor x\rfloor y)=f(x)\lfloor f(y)\rfloor \] holds for all \(x,y\in\mathbb R\). (Here \(\lfloor z\rfloor\) denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to \(z\).)

    Solution →

  2. Problem 2

    Let \(I\) be the incentre of triangle \(ABC\) and let \(\Gamma\) be its circumcircle. Let the line \(AI\) intersect \(\Gamma\) again at \(D\). Let \(E\) be a point on the arc \(\widehat{BDC}\) and \(F\) a point on the side \(BC\) such that \[ \angle BAF=\angle CAE<\frac12\angle BAC. \] Finally, let \(G\) be the midpoint of the segment \(IF\). Prove that the lines \(DG\) and \(EI\) intersect on \(\Gamma\).

    Solution →

  3. Problem 3

    Let \(\mathbb{N}\) be the set of positive integers. Determine all functions \(g:\mathbb{N}\to\mathbb{N}\) such that \[ (g(m)+n)(m+g(n)) \] is a perfect square for all \(m,n\in\mathbb{N}\).

    Solution →

  4. Problem 4

    Let \(P\) be a point inside the triangle \(ABC\). The lines \(AP\), \(BP\) and \(CP\) intersect the circumcircle \(\Gamma\) of triangle \(ABC\) again at the points \(K\), \(L\) and \(M\) respectively. The tangent to \(\Gamma\) at \(C\) intersects the line \(AB\) at \(S\). Suppose that \(SC = SP\). Prove that \(MK = ML\).

    Solution →

  5. Problem 5

    In each of six boxes \(B_1,B_2,B_3,B_4,B_5,B_6\) there is initially one coin. There are two types of operation allowed:

    Type 1: Choose a nonempty box \(B_j\) with \(1\le j\le5\). Remove one coin from \(B_j\) and add two coins to \(B_{j+1}\).

    Type 2: Choose a nonempty box \(B_k\) with \(1\le k\le4\). Remove one coin from \(B_k\) and exchange the contents of (possibly empty) boxes \(B_{k+1}\) and \(B_{k+2}\).

    Determine whether there is a finite sequence of such operations that results in boxes \(B_1,B_2,B_3,B_4,B_5\) being empty and box \(B_6\) containing exactly \(2010^{2010^{2010}}\) coins. (Note that \(a^{b^c}=a^{(b^c)}\).)

    Solution →

  6. Problem 6

    Let \(a_1,a_2,a_3,\ldots\) be a sequence of positive real numbers. Suppose that for some positive integer \(s\), we have \[ a_n=\max\{a_k+a_{n-k}\mid 1\le k\le n-1\} \] for all \(n>s\). Prove that there exist positive integers \(\ell\) and \(N\), with \(\ell\le s\) and such that \(a_n=a_\ell+a_{n-\ell}\) for all \(n\ge N\).

    Solution →

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