IMO 1994

6 problems with complete solutions · Official problem paper (PDF)

  1. Problem 1

    Let \(m\) and \(n\) be positive integers. Let \(a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_m\) be distinct elements of \(\{1,2,\ldots,n\}\) such that whenever \(a_i+a_j\le n\) for some \(i,j\), \(1\le i\le j\le m\), there exists \(k\), \(1\le k\le m\), with \(a_i+a_j=a_k\). Prove that \[ \frac{a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_m}{m}\ge\frac{n+1}{2}. \]

    Solution →

  2. Problem 2

    \(ABC\) is an isosceles triangle with \(AB = AC\). Suppose that

    1. \(M\) is the midpoint of \(BC\) and \(O\) is the point on the line \(AM\) such that \(OB\) is perpendicular to \(AB\);
    2. \(Q\) is an arbitrary point on the segment \(BC\) different from \(B\) and \(C\);
    3. \(E\) lies on the line \(AB\) and \(F\) lies on the line \(AC\) such that \(E, Q, F\) are distinct and collinear.

    Prove that \(OQ\) is perpendicular to \(EF\) if and only if \(QE = QF\).

    Solution →

  3. Problem 3

    For any positive integer \(k\), let \(f(k)\) be the number of elements in the set \(\{k+1,k+2,\ldots,2k\}\) whose base 2 representation has precisely three 1s.

    • (a) Prove that, for each positive integer \(m\), there exists at least one positive integer \(k\) such that \(f(k)=m\).
    • (b) Determine all positive integers \(m\) for which there exists exactly one \(k\) with \(f(k)=m\).

    Solution →

  4. Problem 4

    Determine all ordered pairs \((m, n)\) of positive integers such that \[ \frac{n^3+1}{mn-1} \] is an integer.

    Solution →

  5. Problem 5

    Let \(S\) be the set of real numbers strictly greater than \(-1\). Find all functions \(f:S\to S\) satisfying the two conditions:

    1. \(f(x+f(y)+xf(y))=y+f(x)+yf(x)\) for all \(x\) and \(y\) in \(S\);
    2. \(\dfrac{f(x)}{x}\) is strictly increasing on each of the intervals \(-1<x<0\) and \(0<x\).

    Solution →

  6. Problem 6

    Show that there exists a set \(A\) of positive integers with the following property: For any infinite set \(S\) of primes there exist two positive integers \(m \in A\) and \(n \notin A\) each of which is a product of \(k\) distinct elements of \(S\) for some \(k \geq 2\).

    Solution →

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