IMO 2006

6 problems with complete solutions · Official problem paper (PDF)

  1. Problem 1

    Let \(ABC\) be a triangle with incentre \(I\). A point \(P\) in the interior of the triangle satisfies \[ \angle PBA+\angle PCA=\angle PBC+\angle PCB. \] Show that \(AP\ge AI\), and that equality holds if and only if \(P=I\).

    Solution →

  2. Problem 2

    Let \(P\) be a regular \(2006\)-gon. A diagonal of \(P\) is called good if its endpoints divide the boundary of \(P\) into two parts, each composed of an odd number of sides of \(P\). The sides of \(P\) are also called good.

    Suppose \(P\) has been dissected into triangles by \(2003\) diagonals, no two of which have a common point in the interior of \(P\). Find the maximum number of isosceles triangles having two good sides that could appear in such a configuration.

    Solution →

  3. Problem 3

    Determine the least real number \(M\) such that the inequality \[ \left|ab(a^2-b^2)+bc(b^2-c^2)+ca(c^2-a^2)\right| \le M(a^2+b^2+c^2)^2 \] holds for all real numbers \(a\), \(b\) and \(c\).

    Solution →

  4. Problem 4

    Determine all pairs \((x, y)\) of integers such that \[ 1+2^x+2^{2x+1}=y^2. \]

    Solution →

  5. Problem 5

    Let \(P(x)\) be a polynomial of degree \(n>1\) with integer coefficients and let \(k\) be a positive integer. Consider the polynomial \(Q(x)=P(P(\ldots P(P(x))\ldots))\), where \(P\) occurs \(k\) times. Prove that there are at most \(n\) integers \(t\) such that \(Q(t)=t\).

    Solution →

  6. Problem 6

    Assign to each side \(b\) of a convex polygon \(P\) the maximum area of a triangle that has \(b\) as a side and is contained in \(P\). Show that the sum of the areas assigned to the sides of \(P\) is at least twice the area of \(P\).

    Solution →

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