# Verification report

An explicit pair of odd zero-free exterior univalent functions f(z)=z-z^-1 and g(z)=z B(z^-2), B(w)=((1-i)sqrt(1-w^2)+(1+i)(1-iw))/2, has an analytic normalized geometric mean with exponent1/2 whose first four nonzero Laurent coefficients give weighted squared sum269463/262144>1. Radial dilation by1001/1000 makes both factors and the mean analytic across the unit circle, with full weighted sum finite and greater than101/100.

# Originating-researcher mathematical audit

1. Both f and g have expansion z plus odd negative powers, so their constant terms vanish as required by the original chapter. An arbitrary translated Joukowski map would not satisfy this normalization and was not used.
2. k(w)=w/(1-w)^2 is a conformal bijection from the disk onto C minus(-infinity,-1/4], by the Cayley half-plane map and squaring. Half of this slit plane is C minus(-infinity,-1/8], a subset of the first slit plane. Thus phi=k^-1(k/2) is indeed an analytic univalent self-map of the disk, not just a formal power series.
3. p=-i phi(iw) is a univalent disk self-map with p'(0)=1/2. k_-(u)=u/(1+u)^2=-k(-u) is univalent. Therefore h=2 k_-(p) is normalized disk univalent and has only its simple zero at0.
4. For any such h, the analytic normalized square root b=sqrt(w/h(w)) exists and is nonzero on the disk. G(z)=z b(z^-2) is odd. Equality of two G values implies equality of h(z^-2); hence the inputs differ by at most a sign, which oddness/nonvanishing excludes. This is a full injectivity proof, not a sampled boundary plot or area-coefficient test.
5. The exact relation p/(1-ip)^2=w/[2(1-iw)^2] implies B=(1-iw)(1+p)/(1-ip), which is nonvanishing. It also implies (1-iw)^2((1+ip)/(1-ip))^2=1-w^2. Values at0 select the correct analytic root. The explicit algebraic formula for B is therefore the same factor as the root transform. SymPy independently checks both polynomial/rational identities.
6. f is the reciprocal odd root transform of k. Both factors omit0. Their product after factoring out z^2 is nonzero on the simply connected disk in w=z^-2. The normalized square root H defines a globally analytic mean F=zH(z^-2); individual multivalued square roots of f or g are never assumed globally defined.
7. Four coefficients obtained by exact Gaussian-rational recurrence match a separate SymPy expansion. Laurent indices are1,3,5,7, not1,2,3,4. Their weighted norm is269463/262144 with surplus7319/262144. Omitted terms are nonnegative, so truncating this sum is a rigorous lower bound.
8. Dilation f_R(z)=f(Rz)/R preserves normalization and univalence on |z|>R^-1. The mean coefficient scales by R^-(n+1), so its squared weight scales by R^-2(n+1). The smallest factor among the four terms is R^-16. For R=1001/1000, R^16<125/123 and the resulting lower bound33143949/32768000 exceeds101/100. All rational comparisons are checked exactly.
9. F_R is analytic on a neighborhood of the closed exterior disk. Cauchy on any circle R^-1<r<1 bounds the negative Laurent coefficients by M r^n. This proves finite full area sum. The counterexample does not exploit divergence or a boundary singularity.
10. The exact universal assertion is refuted at alpha1/2. This resolves the whole single-question frozen record, unlike a restricted affirmative special case. Standard tools are credited. No independent peer review, formal verification or absolute-priority certification is implied.

No gap was found in the complete written argument. This is a detailed self-audit.

# Bounded literature review,25October2026

Primary sources: W.K.Hayman and E.F.Lingham, Research Problems in Function Theory, arXiv1809.07200v2, Chapter6 equation6.2 and Problem6.50; D.K.Thomas, On the coefficients of meromorphic univalent functions, Proc.Amer.Math.Soc.47(1975),161-166, DOI10.1090/S0002-9939-1975-0357765-2, author-uploaded full text. The 2018 source update says no progress was reported. That historical statement is not by itself a current status certificate.

Queries included exact Thomas article title; Thomas geometric mean area theorem; geometric means meromorphic univalent; Hayman Lingham6.50; Problem6.50 Thomas; Thomas area geometric univalent counterexample; geometric means of univalent functions. The bounded search found material on differential subordination and starlike subclasses, not a matching resolution of this unit coefficient bound. Secondary book mirrors were only discovery aids; the author PDF establishes the actual question. Search snippets, crawl dates and inaccessible papers were not treated as proof. No exhaustive priority claim is made.

The Koebe and root-transform tools are classical and are proved directly in the manuscript. The new contribution claimed here is the explicit pair and exact four-coefficient violation, including an analytic-across-boundary variant. No optimal universal bound or affirmative result for general exponents is claimed.

All four final PDF pages were directly visually inspected. No clipping, missing symbols, unresolved citations or layout problems were found. The built-in compiler and Tectonic succeeded. Author name is prominent; affiliation/contact is a footnote; AI assistance appears in prose.
